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Tokenomics in the U.S. and China: Sources of Profit, Premium Allocation, and Realization Sequence
Profits across the large AI model industry chain are being realized sequentially from upstream to midstream to downstream. The upstream computing infrastructure layer has already captured the full benefits of scarce resource premiums, while the midstream model layer is experiencing price deflation due to open-source competition leveling the playing field. In terms of where value accrues, there is a clear divergence between China and the United States: in the U.S., incremental AI value is being absorbed into existing high-priced software subscription models; in China, due to differences in willingness to pay, the low-cost token-based benefits are spilling directly into the downstream application layer. Going forward, whether downstream players can retain profits will depend on the 'switching costs' they establish within their specific business use cases.
Microsoft faces an AI compute shortfall—will Musk fill the gap? SemiAnalysis: SpaceX’s新增算力 in 2027 could exceed 10 GW, with ARR potentially reaching USD 300 billion.
After evaluating all pilot sites, SemiAnalysis considers SpaceX's goal of adding over 10 GW of new computing capacity by 2027 to be feasible. Microsoft, facing a substantial demand gap, is expected to sign a 3 GW contract with SpaceX worth approximately $150 billion, making it SpaceX’s largest computing capacity customer. If half of the newly added capacity is allocated to commercial inference, SpaceX’s annual recurring revenue (ARR) could reach $300 billion by the end of 2027.
AI Inference Outlook: From Infrastructure Development to Commercial Monetization
The investment cycle in AI infrastructure may not yet have peaked. Citi believes that supply-side constraints—including power, permitting, labor, HBM, and interconnects—will extend what was originally a three-year capacity expansion cycle to five to ten years.
AI hardware price hikes ripple through 3C leasing: demand doubles as rental firms dismantle and sell graphics cards and memory modules
① Several equipment leasing providers indicated that compared to the price increases of upstream hardware components such as memory and graphics cards, rental prices for consumer electronics have not risen as significantly, with some products seeing price hikes of approximately 5%. ② Industry insiders revealed that amid rising hardware prices, some suppliers opt to disassemble and directly sell components like graphics cards and memory modules. Many small and medium-sized equipment lessors also sell parts or entire devices to quickly generate cash, planning to repurchase them once prices decline in the future.
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