JP Stock MarketDetailed Quotes

Nippon Sanso Holdings (4091)

Watchlist

5831.0
-142.0-2.38%

20min DelayTrading May 20 15:03 JST

2.53TMarket Cap20.37P/E (Static)

Earnings

Revenue Breakdown

Financial Indicators

Income Statement

Balance Sheet

Cash Flow

Nippon Sanso Holdings (4091) Balance Sheet

Quarterly+Annual

YOY

Hide blank lines

(FY)Mar 31, 2026

(Q4)Mar 31, 2026

(Q3)Dec 31, 2025

(Q2)Sep 30, 2025

(Q1)Jun 30, 2025

(FY)Mar 31, 2025

(Q4)Mar 31, 2025

(Q3)Dec 31, 2024

(Q2)Sep 30, 2024

(Q1)Jun 30, 2024

Assets

Current assets

Cash, cash equivalents and short term investments

20.90%192.37B

12.83%154.95B

-4.95%142.87B

23.44%186.12B

3.78%159.12B

-40.20%137.33B

-38.10%150.3B

2.07%150.79B

-Cash and cash equivalents

14.41%165.35B

7.42%132.92B

-7.07%125.57B

39.51%169.56B

14.61%144.53B

-39.45%123.73B

-37.75%135.13B

-0.72%121.54B

-Short term investments

85.26%27.03B

62.10%22.03B

14.01%17.3B

-43.36%16.57B

-46.40%14.59B

-46.25%13.59B

-41.01%15.17B

15.59%29.25B

Receivables

11.36%292.98B

6.06%279.98B

6.64%266.96B

-9.74%256.01B

-6.78%263.08B

1.53%263.99B

-3.98%250.34B

14.13%283.63B

-Accounts receivable

11.36%292.98B

6.06%279.98B

6.64%266.96B

-9.74%256.01B

-6.78%263.08B

1.53%263.99B

-3.98%250.34B

14.13%283.63B

-Gross accounts receivable

11.36%292.98B

6.06%279.98B

6.64%266.96B

-9.74%256.01B

-6.78%263.08B

1.53%263.99B

-3.98%250.34B

14.13%283.63B

Inventory

9.56%109.02B

3.51%114.11B

6.82%110.17B

-1.33%103.46B

-0.95%99.51B

2.48%110.24B

-5.07%103.14B

1.16%104.85B

Holding assets for sale

--0

-92.52%257M

-45.52%2.46B

-56.10%1.92B

-83.99%3.29B

-78.16%3.44B

-74.10%4.51B

Other current assets

-31.35%28.94B

-26.95%28.77B

-12.56%29.96B

8.11%37.08B

51.35%42.15B

4.67%39.38B

6.46%34.27B

8.75%34.3B

Total current assets

10.17%623.3B

4.26%577.81B

1.61%550.22B

1.22%585.13B

-0.43%565.78B

-15.44%554.22B

-17.97%541.49B

5.32%578.08B

Non current assets

Net PPE

15.84%1.04T

8.62%1.01T

11.30%964.65B

-3.82%900.61B

2.50%899.31B

13.39%932.56B

3.75%866.68B

14.88%936.41B

Total investment

2.62%122.79B

-3.38%120.93B

-2.96%118.02B

-8.76%116.02B

1.31%119.65B

24.16%125.15B

20.74%121.62B

27.15%127.16B

-Long-term equity investment

10.04%67.31B

12.19%65.92B

7.78%62.79B

7.09%61.35B

11.89%61.17B

47.53%58.76B

49.21%58.25B

46.88%57.28B

-Financial asset investment

-5.14%55.47B

-17.15%55.01B

-12.84%55.23B

-21.75%54.68B

-7.81%58.48B

8.90%66.4B

2.73%63.37B

14.53%69.87B

-Including:Available-for-sale securities

-5.14%55.47B

-17.15%55.01B

-12.84%55.23B

-21.75%54.68B

-7.81%58.48B

8.90%66.4B

2.73%63.37B

14.53%69.87B

Goodwill and other intangible assets

17.77%961.32B

11.22%939.21B

12.05%893.21B

-4.46%833.9B

-1.44%816.26B

5.60%844.42B

-2.23%797.16B

7.71%872.84B

-Goodwill

19.07%684.97B

12.75%669.72B

13.39%634.07B

-3.46%588.78B

-0.09%575.29B

7.51%593.97B

-0.36%559.19B

9.96%609.86B

-Other intangible assets

14.68%276.35B

7.60%269.49B

8.90%259.15B

-6.79%245.13B

-4.51%240.97B

1.33%250.45B

-6.37%237.97B

2.83%262.98B

Defined pension benefit

28.49%6.68B

12.82%5.33B

14.04%5.27B

13.32%5.27B

10.38%5.2B

71.29%4.73B

73.33%4.62B

71.26%4.65B

Deferred tax assets-non current

-4.39%3.42B

-0.36%3.57B

0.94%3.54B

-2.13%3.59B

6.15%3.57B

3.65%3.58B

-0.23%3.5B

4.41%3.67B

Other non current assets

-0.78%8.37B

-11.84%7.91B

-3.17%8.14B

-13.80%8.2B

-7.72%8.43B

14.96%8.97B

1.47%8.41B

18.53%9.51B

Total non current assets

15.76%2.14T

8.88%2.09T

10.59%1.99T

-4.43%1.87T

0.63%1.85T

10.51%1.92T

2.04%1.8T

12.33%1.95T

Total assets

14.45%2.77T

7.84%2.67T

8.52%2.54T

-3.14%2.45T

0.38%2.42T

3.40%2.47T

-3.40%2.34T

10.65%2.53T

Liabilities

Current liabilities

Financial liabilities

43.42%266.77B

7.68%271.82B

0.11%233.55B

-26.30%204.58B

-35.33%186.01B

-34.34%252.44B

-2.86%233.3B

1.28%277.6B

-Current debt and capital lease obligation

63.13%151.11B

6.65%175.28B

-2.02%142.11B

-29.22%122.39B

-44.27%92.63B

-41.08%164.35B

7.42%145.04B

0.20%172.91B

-Including:Current debt

63.13%151.11B

6.65%175.28B

-2.02%142.11B

-29.22%122.39B

-44.27%92.63B

-41.08%164.35B

7.42%145.04B

0.20%172.91B

-Other financial liabilities

23.87%115.66B

9.60%96.54B

3.61%91.44B

-21.49%82.19B

-23.08%93.38B

-16.50%88.09B

-16.06%88.26B

3.12%104.69B

Payables

13.49%167.84B

6.02%146.78B

2.01%144.62B

-10.83%133.2B

-1.53%147.89B

2.54%138.45B

1.57%141.76B

4.82%149.37B

-accounts payable

8.15%144.73B

3.92%132.11B

6.53%129.56B

-6.15%124.39B

-1.62%133.82B

7.79%127.13B

0.85%121.62B

5.67%132.54B

-Total tax payable

64.24%23.11B

29.57%14.67B

-25.27%15.05B

-47.67%8.81B

-0.70%14.07B

-33.71%11.32B

6.16%20.14B

-1.42%16.84B

Current provisions

848.31%2.81B

-43.97%353M

-55.31%324M

-66.71%256M

-72.97%296M

96.26%630M

178.85%725M

166.09%769M

Held for sale liabilities

----

--421M

----

Other current liabilities

8.31%66.17B

6.81%66.46B

16.06%66.89B

10.29%63.43B

3.35%61.09B

9.38%62.22B

4.31%57.64B

39.81%57.51B

Current liabilities

27.40%503.59B

6.98%485.41B

2.76%445.38B

-17.18%401.89B

-20.63%395.29B

-21.32%453.74B

-0.42%433.42B

5.95%485.25B

Non current liabilities

Non current financial liabilities

-2.44%783.07B

-3.07%751.96B

0.55%770.98B

-0.59%797.44B

5.12%802.64B

3.27%775.76B

-15.19%766.75B

1.93%802.19B

-Long term debt and capital lease obligation

-3.56%730.95B

-3.90%703.12B

-0.41%723.96B

-0.94%750.82B

4.68%757.94B

2.27%731.69B

-16.10%726.94B

1.07%757.91B

-Including:Long term debt

-3.56%730.95B

-3.90%703.12B

-0.41%723.96B

-0.94%750.82B

4.68%757.94B

2.27%731.69B

-16.10%726.94B

1.07%757.91B

-Other financial liabilities-Non current

16.60%52.12B

10.84%48.84B

18.10%47.03B

5.28%46.62B

13.21%44.7B

23.39%44.06B

5.51%39.82B

19.35%44.28B

Long term provisions

39.10%7.38B

12.53%6.01B

12.00%5.6B

-1.16%5.29B

5.68%5.3B

-1.46%5.34B

-9.47%5B

-7.13%5.36B

Long term pension and other post-retirement benefit plans

10.02%16.87B

5.97%17.35B

7.64%16.39B

-1.23%15.96B

-0.10%15.34B

10.87%16.38B

2.86%15.23B

10.58%16.15B

Non current deferred liabilities

10.39%175.96B

7.79%176.01B

13.08%170.59B

-6.25%160.12B

-0.62%159.41B

5.68%163.29B

-4.30%150.86B

10.05%170.79B

Other non current liabilities

4.34%20.14B

-8.39%19.56B

-7.39%18.76B

-13.21%18.5B

-6.59%19.3B

6.25%21.35B

-2.52%20.26B

3.92%21.32B

Total non current liabilities

0.14%1T

-1.14%970.9B

2.53%982.33B

-1.82%997.31B

3.84%1T

3.82%982.12B

-13.13%958.09B

3.33%1.02T

Total liabilities

7.85%1.51T

1.42%1.46T

2.60%1.43T

-6.79%1.4T

-4.49%1.4T

-5.70%1.44T

-9.53%1.39T

4.16%1.5T

Shareholders'equity

Share capital

0.00%37.34B

-common stock

0.00%37.34B

Additional paid-in capital

2.00%40.6B

4.11%41.05B

4.46%41.12B

3.18%40.27B

1.45%39.8B

-2.87%39.43B

-23.29%39.36B

-24.08%39.03B

Retained earnings

15.33%817.74B

14.60%785.28B

14.02%759.77B

12.84%729.25B

12.99%709.07B

15.33%685.24B

15.30%666.34B

16.70%646.25B

Less: Treasury stock

3.85%270M

4.26%269M

7.26%266M

6.94%262M

7.44%260M

7.95%258M

4.64%248M

4.70%245M

Other equity interest

65.53%321.94B

29.55%304.81B

33.70%236.45B

-25.37%206.45B

-7.65%194.5B

40.81%235.29B

-5.14%176.85B

62.00%276.63B

Total stockholders'equity

24.16%1.22T

17.17%1.17T

16.83%1.07T

1.40%1.01T

7.21%980.45B

18.84%997.04B

7.84%919.64B

22.87%999.01B

Noncontrolling interests

7.00%43.31B

5.94%43.15B

26.59%40.93B

25.57%40.49B

27.97%40.48B

32.95%40.73B

-7.99%32.33B

-6.46%32.24B

Total equity

23.48%1.26T

16.73%1.21T

17.16%1.12T

2.16%1.05T

7.91%1.02T

19.34%1.04T

7.22%951.98B

21.68%1.03T

Currency Unit

JPY

Accounting Standards

NonUS-GAAP

	(FY)Mar 31, 2026	(Q4)Mar 31, 2026	(Q3)Dec 31, 2025	(Q2)Sep 30, 2025	(Q1)Jun 30, 2025	(FY)Mar 31, 2025	(Q4)Mar 31, 2025	(Q3)Dec 31, 2024	(Q2)Sep 30, 2024	(Q1)Jun 30, 2024
Assets
Current assets
Cash, cash equivalents and short term investments	20.90%192.37B	20.90%192.37B	12.83%154.95B	-4.95%142.87B	23.44%186.12B	3.78%159.12B	3.78%159.12B	-40.20%137.33B	-38.10%150.3B	2.07%150.79B
-Cash and cash equivalents	14.41%165.35B	14.41%165.35B	7.42%132.92B	-7.07%125.57B	39.51%169.56B	14.61%144.53B	14.61%144.53B	-39.45%123.73B	-37.75%135.13B	-0.72%121.54B
-Short term investments	85.26%27.03B	85.26%27.03B	62.10%22.03B	14.01%17.3B	-43.36%16.57B	-46.40%14.59B	-46.40%14.59B	-46.25%13.59B	-41.01%15.17B	15.59%29.25B
Receivables	11.36%292.98B	11.36%292.98B	6.06%279.98B	6.64%266.96B	-9.74%256.01B	-6.78%263.08B	-6.78%263.08B	1.53%263.99B	-3.98%250.34B	14.13%283.63B
-Accounts receivable	11.36%292.98B	11.36%292.98B	6.06%279.98B	6.64%266.96B	-9.74%256.01B	-6.78%263.08B	-6.78%263.08B	1.53%263.99B	-3.98%250.34B	14.13%283.63B
-Gross accounts receivable	11.36%292.98B	11.36%292.98B	6.06%279.98B	6.64%266.96B	-9.74%256.01B	-6.78%263.08B	-6.78%263.08B	1.53%263.99B	-3.98%250.34B	14.13%283.63B
Inventory	9.56%109.02B	9.56%109.02B	3.51%114.11B	6.82%110.17B	-1.33%103.46B	-0.95%99.51B	-0.95%99.51B	2.48%110.24B	-5.07%103.14B	1.16%104.85B
Holding assets for sale	--0	--0	--0	-92.52%257M	-45.52%2.46B	-56.10%1.92B	-56.10%1.92B	-83.99%3.29B	-78.16%3.44B	-74.10%4.51B
Other current assets	-31.35%28.94B	-31.35%28.94B	-26.95%28.77B	-12.56%29.96B	8.11%37.08B	51.35%42.15B	51.35%42.15B	4.67%39.38B	6.46%34.27B	8.75%34.3B
Total current assets	10.17%623.3B	10.17%623.3B	4.26%577.81B	1.61%550.22B	1.22%585.13B	-0.43%565.78B	-0.43%565.78B	-15.44%554.22B	-17.97%541.49B	5.32%578.08B
Non current assets
Net PPE	15.84%1.04T	15.84%1.04T	8.62%1.01T	11.30%964.65B	-3.82%900.61B	2.50%899.31B	2.50%899.31B	13.39%932.56B	3.75%866.68B	14.88%936.41B
Total investment	2.62%122.79B	2.62%122.79B	-3.38%120.93B	-2.96%118.02B	-8.76%116.02B	1.31%119.65B	1.31%119.65B	24.16%125.15B	20.74%121.62B	27.15%127.16B
-Long-term equity investment	10.04%67.31B	10.04%67.31B	12.19%65.92B	7.78%62.79B	7.09%61.35B	11.89%61.17B	11.89%61.17B	47.53%58.76B	49.21%58.25B	46.88%57.28B
-Financial asset investment	-5.14%55.47B	-5.14%55.47B	-17.15%55.01B	-12.84%55.23B	-21.75%54.68B	-7.81%58.48B	-7.81%58.48B	8.90%66.4B	2.73%63.37B	14.53%69.87B
-Including:Available-for-sale securities	-5.14%55.47B	-5.14%55.47B	-17.15%55.01B	-12.84%55.23B	-21.75%54.68B	-7.81%58.48B	-7.81%58.48B	8.90%66.4B	2.73%63.37B	14.53%69.87B
Goodwill and other intangible assets	17.77%961.32B	17.77%961.32B	11.22%939.21B	12.05%893.21B	-4.46%833.9B	-1.44%816.26B	-1.44%816.26B	5.60%844.42B	-2.23%797.16B	7.71%872.84B
-Goodwill	19.07%684.97B	19.07%684.97B	12.75%669.72B	13.39%634.07B	-3.46%588.78B	-0.09%575.29B	-0.09%575.29B	7.51%593.97B	-0.36%559.19B	9.96%609.86B
-Other intangible assets	14.68%276.35B	14.68%276.35B	7.60%269.49B	8.90%259.15B	-6.79%245.13B	-4.51%240.97B	-4.51%240.97B	1.33%250.45B	-6.37%237.97B	2.83%262.98B
Defined pension benefit	28.49%6.68B	28.49%6.68B	12.82%5.33B	14.04%5.27B	13.32%5.27B	10.38%5.2B	10.38%5.2B	71.29%4.73B	73.33%4.62B	71.26%4.65B
Deferred tax assets-non current	-4.39%3.42B	-4.39%3.42B	-0.36%3.57B	0.94%3.54B	-2.13%3.59B	6.15%3.57B	6.15%3.57B	3.65%3.58B	-0.23%3.5B	4.41%3.67B
Other non current assets	-0.78%8.37B	-0.78%8.37B	-11.84%7.91B	-3.17%8.14B	-13.80%8.2B	-7.72%8.43B	-7.72%8.43B	14.96%8.97B	1.47%8.41B	18.53%9.51B
Total non current assets	15.76%2.14T	15.76%2.14T	8.88%2.09T	10.59%1.99T	-4.43%1.87T	0.63%1.85T	0.63%1.85T	10.51%1.92T	2.04%1.8T	12.33%1.95T
Total assets	14.45%2.77T	14.45%2.77T	7.84%2.67T	8.52%2.54T	-3.14%2.45T	0.38%2.42T	0.38%2.42T	3.40%2.47T	-3.40%2.34T	10.65%2.53T
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Financial liabilities	43.42%266.77B	43.42%266.77B	7.68%271.82B	0.11%233.55B	-26.30%204.58B	-35.33%186.01B	-35.33%186.01B	-34.34%252.44B	-2.86%233.3B	1.28%277.6B
-Current debt and capital lease obligation	63.13%151.11B	63.13%151.11B	6.65%175.28B	-2.02%142.11B	-29.22%122.39B	-44.27%92.63B	-44.27%92.63B	-41.08%164.35B	7.42%145.04B	0.20%172.91B
-Including:Current debt	63.13%151.11B	63.13%151.11B	6.65%175.28B	-2.02%142.11B	-29.22%122.39B	-44.27%92.63B	-44.27%92.63B	-41.08%164.35B	7.42%145.04B	0.20%172.91B
-Other financial liabilities	23.87%115.66B	23.87%115.66B	9.60%96.54B	3.61%91.44B	-21.49%82.19B	-23.08%93.38B	-23.08%93.38B	-16.50%88.09B	-16.06%88.26B	3.12%104.69B
Payables	13.49%167.84B	13.49%167.84B	6.02%146.78B	2.01%144.62B	-10.83%133.2B	-1.53%147.89B	-1.53%147.89B	2.54%138.45B	1.57%141.76B	4.82%149.37B
-accounts payable	8.15%144.73B	8.15%144.73B	3.92%132.11B	6.53%129.56B	-6.15%124.39B	-1.62%133.82B	-1.62%133.82B	7.79%127.13B	0.85%121.62B	5.67%132.54B
-Total tax payable	64.24%23.11B	64.24%23.11B	29.57%14.67B	-25.27%15.05B	-47.67%8.81B	-0.70%14.07B	-0.70%14.07B	-33.71%11.32B	6.16%20.14B	-1.42%16.84B
Current provisions	848.31%2.81B	848.31%2.81B	-43.97%353M	-55.31%324M	-66.71%256M	-72.97%296M	-72.97%296M	96.26%630M	178.85%725M	166.09%769M
Held for sale liabilities	----	----	----	----	--421M	----	----	----	----	----
Other current liabilities	8.31%66.17B	8.31%66.17B	6.81%66.46B	16.06%66.89B	10.29%63.43B	3.35%61.09B	3.35%61.09B	9.38%62.22B	4.31%57.64B	39.81%57.51B
Current liabilities	27.40%503.59B	27.40%503.59B	6.98%485.41B	2.76%445.38B	-17.18%401.89B	-20.63%395.29B	-20.63%395.29B	-21.32%453.74B	-0.42%433.42B	5.95%485.25B
Non current liabilities
Non current financial liabilities	-2.44%783.07B	-2.44%783.07B	-3.07%751.96B	0.55%770.98B	-0.59%797.44B	5.12%802.64B	5.12%802.64B	3.27%775.76B	-15.19%766.75B	1.93%802.19B
-Long term debt and capital lease obligation	-3.56%730.95B	-3.56%730.95B	-3.90%703.12B	-0.41%723.96B	-0.94%750.82B	4.68%757.94B	4.68%757.94B	2.27%731.69B	-16.10%726.94B	1.07%757.91B
-Including:Long term debt	-3.56%730.95B	-3.56%730.95B	-3.90%703.12B	-0.41%723.96B	-0.94%750.82B	4.68%757.94B	4.68%757.94B	2.27%731.69B	-16.10%726.94B	1.07%757.91B
-Other financial liabilities-Non current	16.60%52.12B	16.60%52.12B	10.84%48.84B	18.10%47.03B	5.28%46.62B	13.21%44.7B	13.21%44.7B	23.39%44.06B	5.51%39.82B	19.35%44.28B
Long term provisions	39.10%7.38B	39.10%7.38B	12.53%6.01B	12.00%5.6B	-1.16%5.29B	5.68%5.3B	5.68%5.3B	-1.46%5.34B	-9.47%5B	-7.13%5.36B
Long term pension and other post-retirement benefit plans	10.02%16.87B	10.02%16.87B	5.97%17.35B	7.64%16.39B	-1.23%15.96B	-0.10%15.34B	-0.10%15.34B	10.87%16.38B	2.86%15.23B	10.58%16.15B
Non current deferred liabilities	10.39%175.96B	10.39%175.96B	7.79%176.01B	13.08%170.59B	-6.25%160.12B	-0.62%159.41B	-0.62%159.41B	5.68%163.29B	-4.30%150.86B	10.05%170.79B
Other non current liabilities	4.34%20.14B	4.34%20.14B	-8.39%19.56B	-7.39%18.76B	-13.21%18.5B	-6.59%19.3B	-6.59%19.3B	6.25%21.35B	-2.52%20.26B	3.92%21.32B
Total non current liabilities	0.14%1T	0.14%1T	-1.14%970.9B	2.53%982.33B	-1.82%997.31B	3.84%1T	3.84%1T	3.82%982.12B	-13.13%958.09B	3.33%1.02T
Total liabilities	7.85%1.51T	7.85%1.51T	1.42%1.46T	2.60%1.43T	-6.79%1.4T	-4.49%1.4T	-4.49%1.4T	-5.70%1.44T	-9.53%1.39T	4.16%1.5T
Shareholders'equity
Share capital	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B
-common stock	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B	0.00%37.34B
Additional paid-in capital	2.00%40.6B	2.00%40.6B	4.11%41.05B	4.46%41.12B	3.18%40.27B	1.45%39.8B	1.45%39.8B	-2.87%39.43B	-23.29%39.36B	-24.08%39.03B
Retained earnings	15.33%817.74B	15.33%817.74B	14.60%785.28B	14.02%759.77B	12.84%729.25B	12.99%709.07B	12.99%709.07B	15.33%685.24B	15.30%666.34B	16.70%646.25B
Less: Treasury stock	3.85%270M	3.85%270M	4.26%269M	7.26%266M	6.94%262M	7.44%260M	7.44%260M	7.95%258M	4.64%248M	4.70%245M
Other equity interest	65.53%321.94B	65.53%321.94B	29.55%304.81B	33.70%236.45B	-25.37%206.45B	-7.65%194.5B	-7.65%194.5B	40.81%235.29B	-5.14%176.85B	62.00%276.63B
Total stockholders'equity	24.16%1.22T	24.16%1.22T	17.17%1.17T	16.83%1.07T	1.40%1.01T	7.21%980.45B	7.21%980.45B	18.84%997.04B	7.84%919.64B	22.87%999.01B
Noncontrolling interests	7.00%43.31B	7.00%43.31B	5.94%43.15B	26.59%40.93B	25.57%40.49B	27.97%40.48B	27.97%40.48B	32.95%40.73B	-7.99%32.33B	-6.46%32.24B
Total equity	23.48%1.26T	23.48%1.26T	16.73%1.21T	17.16%1.12T	2.16%1.05T	7.91%1.02T	7.91%1.02T	19.34%1.04T	7.22%951.98B	21.68%1.03T
Currency Unit	JPY	JPY	JPY	JPY	JPY	JPY	JPY	JPY	JPY	JPY
Accounting Standards	NonUS-GAAP	NonUS-GAAP	NonUS-GAAP	NonUS-GAAP	NonUS-GAAP	NonUS-GAAP	NonUS-GAAP	NonUS-GAAP	NonUS-GAAP	NonUS-GAAP

Middle East conflict spreads to the stock market! How should investors respond?

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牛牛課堂

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牛牛課堂

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